A simple way of making a Hamiltonian system into a bi-Hamiltonian one

Details A simple way of making a Hamiltonian system into a bi-Hamiltonian one A simple way of making a Hamiltonian system into a bi-Hamiltonian one

2003-10-13

arxiv.org/abs/nlin/0310012v2

Acta Appl.Math. 83 (2004) 183-197

Nonlinear Sciences

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems

12 pages, LaTeX 2e, no figures, accepted for publication in Acta Appl. Math. Major revision: In this version an important cond

Scientific paper

10.1023/B:ACAP.0000035597.06308.

Given a Poisson structure (or, equivalently, a Hamiltonian operator) $P$, we show that its Lie derivative $L_{\tau}(P)$ along a vector field $\tau$ defines another Poisson structure, which is automatically compatible with $P$, if and only if $[L_{\tau}^2(P),P]=0$, where $[\cdot,\cdot]$ is the Schouten bracket. We further prove that if $\dim\ker P\leq 1$ and $P$ is of locally constant rank, then all Poisson structures compatible with a given Poisson structure $P$ on a finite-dimensional manifold $M$ are locally of the form $L_{\tau}(P)$, where $\tau$ is a local vector field such that $L_{\tau}^2(P)=L_{\tilde\tau}(P)$ for some other local vector field $\tilde\tau$. This leads to a remarkably simple construction of bi-Hamiltonian dynamical systems. We also present a generalization of these results to the infinite-dimensional case. In particular, we provide a new description for pencils of compatible local Hamiltonian operators of Dubrovin--Novikov type and associated bi-Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type. Key words: compatible Poisson structures, Hamiltonian operators, bi-Hamiltonian systems (= bihamiltonian systems), integrability, Schouten bracket, master symmetry, Lichnerowicz--Poisson cohomology, hydrodynamic type systems. MSC 2000: Primary: 37K10; Secondary: 37K05, 37J35

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