Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Jan 1995
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1995e%26psl.129..203r&link_type=abstract
Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X), vol. 129, no. 1-4, p. 203-216
Mathematics
Logic
2
Geological Faults, Geometry, Kinematics, Mathematical Models, Rocks, Sediments, Soil Erosion, China, Himalayas, Planetary Evolution, Strontium Isotopes, Thrust
Scientific paper
The syn-kinematic denudation history of contractional orogenic systems is explored using a simple geometric construction. The purpose is to gain a better appreciation of the relationship between thrust-related shortening and erosion at the front of an orogen, specifically in cases where rocks with marked differences in metamorphic grade are juxtaposed across faults. Although this analysis examines an obvious feature of orogenic fronts, that erosion and thrusting occur synchronously, the magnitude of the necessary erosional flux has not been appreciated. The front of an orogen is modeled as a wedge comprising one component represented by the elevation above the level of the thrust toe and a second, subsurface component, between the dipping slab and the level of the toe of the thrust. Because pressure is a simple function of overburden it is possible to calculate the horizontal distrance from the toe to the point along the slab at any given pressure. Thrusting by itself does not effect pressures in the hanging wall, and hence the footwall would be expected to assume the pressure gradient of the hanging wall. If a thrust juxtaposes rocks that record markedly different equilibrium pressures, material must have been removed from the hanging wall syn-kinematically. If the thrust bounds the metamorphic front of an orogen and deposition occurs synchronously with thrusting in the foreland, removal of material is required to occur syn-kinematically, otherwise the thrust will bury the foreland. The amount of material that must be removed syn-kinematically is dependent on the pressure differential across the thrust and the dip of the thrust. An estimate of the amount of material eroded from the main Central Thrust of the Himalayas between about 20 and 15 Ma is given.
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