A shape memory alloy actuator for solar array deployments

Computer Science – Performance

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The interest in the development of low-cost, reliable, lightweight actuators is high. The implementation of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuator technologies, such as torsion mechanism is also required. SMA technologies are lighter more simple and more robust than current mechanical actuators. A SMA actuator might allow a significant reduction in the space mechanisms and overall system costs and mass for standard LEO missions as well as for medium and large GEO missions. SMA rod is made from Nickel Titanium alloy with high austenitic transition temperature. The unique behavior of NiTi alloy is based on the temperature-dependent austenite-to-martensite phase transformation on an atomic scale, which is also called thermoelastic martensitic transformation. The thermoelastic martensitic transformation causing the shape recovery is a result of the need of the crystal lattice structure to accommodate to the minimum energy state for a given temperature. NiTi alloy senses a change in ambient temperature and is able to convert its shape to a preprogrammed structure. In the first step, Alcatel Space analysed new mechanical electrical and thermal design for lightweight solar arrays application to fully benefit of the favourable reliability/mass of SMA actuator mechanisms. Alcatel Space has an excellent heritage in shape memory alloy mechanisms for scientific missions. Flight operation was successful. This activity aims at identifying, developing, and characterising a simple, reliable and low mass mechanism. The development and qualification activities of SMA actuator is realised in the frame work of mechanisms improvement studies for lightweight solar array development. The SMA Actuator is used to motorize and speed regulate the deployment of the solar array at root hinge level. The SMA Actuator is then submitted to motorization torques from Solar Array hinge line or resisting torque from Solar Array hinge line. Alcatel Space organised the program of work according to the objectives, the sub-activities and the planning. First, the Conceptual study of SMA mechanisms, trade-off, design selection and development. Second, design and analysis of the concept (manufacturing/feasibility), refurbishment, ground actuation and flight performances). Finally, the flight SMA mechanism manufacturing and testing including test specification, test results, evaluation and final report was performed.

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