Other
Scientific paper
Aug 1988
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1988angeo...6..401l&link_type=abstract
(IAMAP and International Commission on the Meteorology of the Upper Atmosphere, Workshop on Downward Penetration of Solar Activi
Other
10
Middle Atmosphere, Particle Energy, Solar Terrestrial Interactions, Solar Wind, Cosmic Rays, Electron Precipitation, Galactic Radiation, Geomagnetism, Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Magnetic Storms
Scientific paper
In the middle atmosphere there are several external sources of energy connected with solar wind and high-energy particles. Some of them affect the basic state of the middle atmosphere; e.g., Galactic cosmic rays are responsible for the ionization in the stratosphere. However, they are responsible mainly for various disturbances in the middle atmosphere. One can identify effects caused by geomagnetic storms (and substorms in high latitudes), solar cosmic ray and relativistic electron precipitation events, Forbush decreases of Galactic cosmic rays, interplanetary magnetic field and its sector boundary, high-speed streams, interaction regions and other phenomena in the solar wind. Their mechanisms often partly overlap and are usually associated with high-energy particle penetration. Most of the effects are reasonably well understood in the lower ionosphere, but knowledge concerning the neutral middle atmosphere is still rather poor.
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