A Radio Search for Natal Star Clusters in Nearby Star-Forming Galaxies

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

To search for evidence of extragalactic natal star clusters, we observed a total of 28 star-forming galaxies in K- and X-bands with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Very Large Array (VLA). Spectral indices α, where Sν ∝ να, determine whether a radio source is a potentially embedded star cluster. The ionizing flux of massive embedded stars powers the dominant thermal free-free emission of those sources with α > -0.1. Based on the radio emission flux densities we can infer the ionizing flux of the star cluster and determine how many equivalent O7.5 V stars are necessary to produce the observed radio flux densities.
Within the 1σ errors of our spectral indices, we detected only 8 galaxies with natal star formation regions out of the 28 selected for our sample. Because we selected all the galaxies in our sample based upon their likelihood of harboring young star formation, the dearth of massive natal star formation regions suggests that this evolutionary stage of the massive clusters is very short-lived. The largest clusters we detected have an equivalent of 104 O7.5 V stars and the smallest only have an equivalent of 102 stars, thus these clusters are not massive super-star clusters (SSCs), which generally contain >104 type O stars. Therefore, our observations help us to understand the relationship between star forming environments and the mass of the resulting stellar clusters.

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