Biology
Scientific paper
Oct 2010
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2010jgre..11510003k&link_type=abstract
Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 115, Issue E10, CiteID E10003
Biology
2
Planetary Sciences: Comets And Small Bodies: Impact Phenomena (5420, 8136), Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Instruments And Techniques, Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Origin And Evolution, Planetary Sciences: Fluid Planets: Origin And Evolution, Planetary Sciences: Astrobiology: Origin Of Life
Scientific paper
Knowledge of pressure conditions is essential in understanding phase changes and chemical reactions. Although several methods have been proposed for the measurement of pressure in impact-induced vapor plumes, they are somewhat unreliable. In this study, we developed a pressure measurement method for vapor clouds based on spectral line broadening. Under the nearest neighbor approximation, it is possible to analytically express the full width at half maximum as a function of the perturber number density. On the basis of these relations and spectroscopic constants of atomic emission lines of Fe I at 381.58 nm and Ca I at 646.26 nm, quadratic Stark broadening is the dominant broadening mechanism if the degree of ionization exceeds 1%. Resonance broadening and van der Waals broadening should be considered if the degree of ionization is less than 1%. Taking into account the appropriate broadening mechanisms, it is possible to accurately measure the pressure in vapor clouds. We conducted laser ablation experiments using the proposed pressure measurement method in combination with the Boltzmann plot method for temperature. The obtained pressures and temperatures are consistent with an adiabatic expansion. This strongly suggests that the proposed method can measure pressure of vapor clouds accurately. Because thermodynamic quantities can be determined when both pressure and temperature are known, the proposed method enables a complete thermodynamic description of vapor clouds, thereby serving as a powerful tool in investigating the thermodynamic and chemical properties of impact- and laser-induced vapor clouds.
Kurosawa Kosuke
Sugita Seiji
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