A numerical model of the moon's rotation

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Equations Of Motion, Lunar Rotation, Mathematical Models, Moon, Differential Equations, Laser Range Finders, Numerical Integration

Scientific paper

The differential equations for the Moon's rotation are derived in terms of Euler angles referenced to an inertial coordinate system. Also, the variational equations of the rotation with respect to six Euler angle initial conditions, the lunar J2, the moment-of-inertia ratios Beta and Gamma, and the coefficients of the third and higher-degree gravity harmonics, are presented in detail. The equations of motion were integrated numerically within the framework of MIT's Planetary Ephemeris Program, and the initial conditions were adjusted to fit the libration angles given by the numerical LLB-5 model of J.G. Williams and others at JPL. The postfit rms orientation difference, after removal of a three-axis rotation to correct for lunar orbital ephemeris differences, was about 0.03 arcsec (selenocentric) over a six-year span. Neglected effects and anticipated improvements in our model are also discussed.

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