A New Limit on Lorentz Invariance and Chromatic Dispersion Across the Universe from GRB 090510A

Details A New Limit on Lorentz Invariance and Chromatic Dispersion Across the Universe from GRB 090510A A New Limit on Lorentz Invariance and Chromatic Dispersion Across the Universe from GRB 090510A

Jan 2012

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2012aas...21931001n&link_type=abstract

American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #219, #310.01

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

Scientific paper

A high-energy, fast-variability time scale for Fermi-detected gamma-ray burst GRB 090510A is found that creates a new strictest upper limit on the energy dependence of the speed and dispersion of light across the universe. In particular, evidence is presented for variability at or below Δ t = 0.00136 for super-GeV photons, a factor of 10 more limiting than any time scale previously claimed for a GRB at GeV energies, including a previous limit reported by Abdo et al (2008). This variability derives from the duration of three separate closely-arriving photon groups prominent only in photon data above 1 GeV. One pulse pair has an energy difference of Δ E >/ 23.5 GeV. Coupled with a redshift of z >/ 0.897, the resulting limits on the differential speed of light and Lorentz invariance were found for a concordance cosmology. It was found that Δ c / c < 6.09 x 10-21, a limit consistent with, but slightly stronger than, a previous limit found for a GRB by Schaefer in 1999. Given a generic dispersion relation across the universe where the time delay is proportional to the photon energy to the first power, the variability translates into a dispersion strength of k1 < 1.38 x 10-5 sec Gpc-1 GeV-1. This limit results in an upper bound on dispersive effects created, for example, by dark energy, dark matter, or the spacetime foam of quantum gravity. This dispersion constraint also results in the most stringent lower limit yet claimed for the onset energy scale of quantum gravity: MQG c2 > 7.43 x 1021 GeV.

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