A new formulation of the starspot model, and the consequences of starspot structure

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Binary Stars, Starspots, Stellar Models, Stellar Structure, Stellar Temperature, Variable Stars, Light Curve, Spectrum Analysis, Stellar Atmospheres

Scientific paper

A new formulation of the starspot model for circular spots (based on direct surface integration over the spots) is derived, resulting in a single compact expression which is particularly amenable to calculation for any number of circular spots. This formulation is extended to include the possibility of spots with concentric circular umbral and penumbral regions and is then employed to investigate the consequences of such a starspot structure. The question whether the spot temperature derived from models which assume spots at a uniform temperature more closely represents the umbral or penumbral temperature is considered. It is found that the spot temperature is representative of the umbral temperature, a result that is at variance with expectations from the literature.

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