A new flash mixing

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Carbon Stars, Nuclear Fusion, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Evolution, Supergiant Stars, Abundance, Helium Hydrogen Atmospheres, Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, Red Giant Stars

Scientific paper

It was found that even for stars evolved away from the red giant branch, a new mixing of nucleosynthesis products from the hydrogenand helium-burning shells into surface layers was possible, from the penetration of the contaminated intershell region into the H- and He-ionization convection zones. This is due to the helium shell flash driving an immense expansion of an inner carbon pocket, namely, by a factor of 12,000 in radius, a drop in density of about 10 to the 12th, and a cooling of inner pockets normally near 10 to the 8th K to 23,000 K. The surface would be enriched in carbon (C-12), helium (He-4) and s-process elements, but not significantly in nitrogen (N-14), oxygen (O-16), or the isotope C-13. This new type of mixing might provide the missing clue for FG Sagittae. Such a mixing has been suggested by the observations of FG Sagittae, but had been unexplainable by theory up to now.

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