A Model of Outflow Generation by Hydrothermal Underpressure Drainage in Volcano-Tectonic Environment, Shalbatana Vallis (Mars)

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Scientific paper

The survey of the Shalbatana Vallis course and the analysis of the distribution of the concentric peripheral and radial systems of faults east of Tharsis allow us to propose a model that demonstrates the effect of volcano-tectonic strains generating crossing fault systems where heat points allowed hydrothermal drainage of confined aquifers and generated headwater systems. This model is qualitatively consistent with the strain of the spherical bulge of Tharsis expressed by extensional faults intersected by radial faults in the upper lithosphere. The southward course of the channel is oriented parallel to extensional faults that are related to the wrinkle ridge field of Lunae Planum. The channel is perpendicular to the normal radial faults of eastern Tharsis between the equator and -20 deg lat. The intersection of these two fault systems generated weak points where magmatic material originating from the lithosphere entered the upper crust through the self-sealing ice-saturated cryosphere. We demonstrate that the system of fault intersections can explain: (a) the hydrothermal drainage of underground aquifers by convective heat flux and dike intrusion that formed chaotic terrains where source areas were generated beneath the cryosphere and (b) the linear course of the sharp-rimmed, U-shaped Shalbatana Vallis intersected by successive chaos developments as governed by the underlying peripheral fault system. The physics of thermal underpressure vapor diffusion and the condensation into water is described as the exchange of heat between the magmatic intrusion and the ice-rich confined layers beneath the chaotic terrains.

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