A mixed-path mechanism for mixed-mode echoes on vertical-incidence ionograms

Details A mixed-path mechanism for mixed-mode echoes on vertical-incidence ionograms A mixed-path mechanism for mixed-mode echoes on vertical-incidence ionograms

Feb 1980

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1980jatp...42..125g&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 42, Feb. 1980, p. 125-130.

Computer Science

Sound

Echo Sounding, F Region, Ionograms, Ionospheric Sounding, Signal Reflection, Wave Reflection, Geomagnetism, Incidence, Propagation Modes, Wave Propagation

Scientific paper

A mechanism is described which accounts for mixed-mode echoes (MME) observed (rarely) on vertical-incidence ionograms. MME are manifested by discrete traces on the ionogram lying halfway in virtual height between normal 2-hop F1/F2-layer ordinary and extraordinary wave traces, 1/3 and 2/3 between normal 3-hop traces, etc. They are caused by partial conversion of o-wave to x-wave, and vice versa, between hops. It is shown that such conversion can be caused by a shift in the direction of propagation relative to the earth's magnetic field between hops brought about by a concavity in the F-layer reflecting surface.

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