Statistics – Applications
Scientific paper
Dec 1996
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1996esasp.392...93g&link_type=abstract
Environment Modelling for Space-based Applications, Symposium Proceedings (ESA SP-392). ESTEC Noordwijk, 18-20 September 1996. E
Statistics
Applications
Scientific paper
The INTEGRAL mission comprises four independent co-aligned instruments and a spacecraft. Three of the instruments, JEM-X, IBIS and SPI have spectral responses which overlap and much of the eventual science will be derived from compilations of multi-instrument data. Whilst the instruments are designed for independent operation, in reality their detailed performances, to some degree, will be dependent upon each other and the spacecraft subsystems. This is due to two basic factors. Firstly, since the instruments are essentially particle counting devices, their final performances in terms of background noise are strongly influenced by local particle fluxes which in themselves are dependent upon a combination of the external particle environment and their precise position with respect to the surrounding material. The latter is clearly dominated by the other instruments. Secondly the three high energy instruments all depend on the coded aperture process for their image reconstruction. Since gamma-rays are extremely penetrating photons, unwanted shadows, derived from strong off-axis celestial sources which are partially occulted by the surrounding material of other instruments and the spacecraft, will inevitably be cast across the detection planes of each instrument. Again this effect can lead to performance degradation. In order to extract the best science from INTEGRAL it is vital that this interplay is well understood. In this context, performance modelling which takes into account all of the on-board material, its isotopic composition and its precise geometrical layout will play a vital role. Apart from understanding and quantifying the expected, one must also be prepared to unravel and quantify any unexpected phenomena which may occur after launch. In the past this has been possible to achieve in the gamma-ray domain by performing tests on the flight spares. For the case of INTEGRAL there will be no complete flight spare, so a computer based mass model ( TIMM ) will be the only means of investigating any perplexing post launch scenarios. The necessity of a realistic mass model and Monte-Carlo simulations are discussed in the context of the INTEGRAL project.
Bird Andrew J.
Dean Anthony J.
Green A. R.
Lei Fengchun
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