A general comment on low latitude problems in the IRI (and a specific one to the following paper)

Computer Science – Sound

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F 2 Region, Geomagnetic Latitude, Geomagnetism, Magnetic Equator, Reference Atmospheres, Ionosondes, Ionospheric Sounding

Scientific paper

It appears to me that much of the important work done in the 1960 to 1970 period has been forgotten to the great loss of understanding what is happening. It is essential to consider the effect of the geometry of the Earth's magnetic field near the magnetic equator. Thus apparent upword movements of hmF2 are physically horizontal movements away from the magnetic equator and vice versa. In addition the Consultative Committee on International Radiopropagation (CCIR) maps show an additional peak of ionization which moves down in latitude until it joins the main low latitude structure. Its changes with season are also shown on the CCIR maps. The theoretical papers of King and Kohl (1968) are particularly important, together with the simplifying work of Rishbeth (1972) who showed that the observed data could be represented adequately by using modified values for the main parameters used by King and Kohl. A few typical examples can be found in the ITU Telecommunication Journal published in Geneva and in more detail in an Advisory Group Aeronautical Research Development (AGARD) publication (1970). Note also the work of Vila (1971) who, flying an ionosonde in an aircraft across the magnetic equator in the Nigerian sector, showed that the actual peaks of ionization are very narrow in latitude. Unfortunately, these peaks move in latitude day to day. Therefore, is the upper quartile of NmF2 or foF2 a better guide to a realistic forecast than the median?

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