A frequency approach to identifying asteroid families. II. Families interacting with nonlinear secular resonances and low-order mean-motion resonances

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Minor Planets, Asteroids, Celestial Mechanics

Scientific paper

Aims: In an earlier paper we introduced a new method for determining asteroid families where families were identified in the proper frequency domain (n, g, g+s) (where n is the mean-motion, and g and s are the secular frequencies of the longitude of pericenter and nodes, respectively), rather than in the proper element domain (a, e, sin(i)) (semi-major axis, eccentricity, and inclination). Here we improve our techniques for reliably identifying members of families that interact with nonlinear secular resonances of argument other than g or g+s and for asteroids near or in mean-motion resonant configurations. Methods: We introduce several new distance metrics in the frequency space optimal for determining the diffusion in secular resonances of argument 2g-s, 3g-s, g-s, s, and 2s. We also regularize the dependence of the g frequency as a function of the n frequency (Vesta family) or of the eccentricity e (Hansa family). Results: Our new approaches allow us to recognize as family members objects that were lost with previous methods, while keeping the advantages of the Carruba & Michtchenko (2007, A&A, 475, 1145) approach. More important, an analysis in the frequency domain permits a deeper understanding of the dynamical evolution of asteroid families not always obtainable with an analysis in the proper element domain.

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