A Double Outburst from the Accretion-powered Millisecond Pulsar IGR J00291+5934

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

IGR J00291+5934 recently underwent two 10 d long outbursts, separated by 30 d in quiescence. X-ray pulsations at the 599 Hz spin frequency were present throughout both outbursts. The proximity of these outbursts allows pulse phase connection between them, providing a long baseline for spin frequency measurement. Comparison with the frequency measured during the 2004 outburst of this source gives a long-term spin down of -(3-5)x10-15 Hz/s, slightly larger in magnitude than the spin down observed in the 401 Hz accretion-powered pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658. Because IGR J00291+5934 is the shortest-period accretion-powered pulsar, this result has important implications for gravitational radiation from accreting neutron stars. Additionally, the rapid succession of the outbursts provides unique insight into the nature of the accretion disks of low-mass X-ray binaries. We successfully reproduce the distinct light curves of the two outbursts using a modification of the disk instability model.

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