Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Nov 1989
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989jgr....9416511w&link_type=abstract
Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 94, Issue D14, p. 16511-16525
Mathematics
Logic
19
Meteorology And Atmospheric Dynamics: Polar Meteorology
Scientific paper
The Stratospheric Aerosol Measurements (SAM) II stratospheric extinction coefficients have been analyzed to provide information on the geographical distribution of Antarctic stratospheric clouds in 1987. The peak extinction above 15 km was determined for each of the approximately 14 vertical profiles each day. A longitude by time graph of this extinction is presented, Extending from early June to late October. Similar graphs for extinction at 17 km and for temperature at 17 km and 70 mbar geopotential height from the National Meteorological Center at the measurement locations are also shown. It is assumed that extinction is a measure of cloud density. Statistics of the fractional incidence of cloud and of temperature and pressure for five time periods and 24 longitudinal sectors are presented. Cloud incidences for latitudes which either cross or pass to the south of the Antarctic Peninsula are shown. In order to remove the effect of the latitudinal drift of the measurements the statistics are also shown for data binned by 70-mbar geopotential height relative to the minimum within the vortex.
In general, there is a good correlation between enhanced extinctions and cold temperatures. Both exhibit a planetary wave structure which tends to move eastward. However, the distribution of dense clouds is highly zonally asymmetric and unlike that of temperature. These clouds are very rare over East Antarctica even when temperatures are low there. After July, clouds are also rare close to the center of the vortex, as determined by the 70-mbar geopotential height of the measurement locations. It is concluded that both cold temperature and the availability of condensable material are important in determining the location of cloud. The dehydration of the interior of the vortex through sedimentation restricts cloud formation as early as July 3. Cloud formation is closely associated with tropospheric weather systems which produce colder temperatures in the lower stratosphere through adiabatic expansion in the poleward flow to the east of the cyclonic region. In addition, moister air from farther out in the vortex can pass across the measurement locations because of the poleward flow. In August and September, clouds were periodically detected by SAM II in the 90° to 0°W sector between 75° and 78°S, well to the south of the northern edge of the chemically perturbed region of the ozone hole. The clouds occurred at temperatures and relative 70 mbar heights similar to those of locations over East Antarctica where low extinctions were usually measured.
The difference in fractional incidence of cloud between the regions suggests that some resupply of condensable material by irreversible mixing occurred in the 90° to 0°W sector, to an altitude of at least 17 km and a potential temperature of at least 410 K.
Tuck Adrian F.
Watterson Ian G.
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