A CO survey of molecular clouds in the southern Milky Way

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Calibrating, Carbon Monoxide, Density Distribution, Molecular Gases, Telescopes, Luminosity, Milky Way Galaxy, Statistical Analysis

Scientific paper

The first out-of-plane CO survey of the southern Milky Way was completed using the Columbia 1.2 m Millimeter-wave Telescope at Cerro Tololo, Chile, and combined with the Northern CO survey made with the Columbia Telescope in New York City to provide homogeneous coverage of the inner Galaxy. From these data the axisymmetric distribution of molecular gas in the Galactic disk for R = 2 to 10 kpc was derived. Although large-scale deviations from azimuthal symmetry are apparent in the H2 density distribution, the mean thickness of the molecular disk is roughly constant from north to south, and a simultaneous analysis of the first and fourth quadrant data shows that about 75% of the molecular gas lies in a well defined ring, with a radius of approximately 6 and a width of approximately 4 kpc. The present axisymmetric analysis is self-consistent in that, unlike the previous ones, it can reproduce the observed longitudinal distribution of CO intensity integrated in velocity and Galactic latitude. The value of the H2 mass here is largely free of systematic instrument errors, because the W(CO) to N(H2) proportionality constant used was calibrated directly from Columbia CO data. A detailed discussion of the telescope's calibration, including a full comparison with other telescopes and the radiation pattern of the antenna, is also presented.

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