A case study: The time evolution of dust scattered X-ray halos from gamma-ray bursters

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Dust, Gamma Ray Bursts, Halos, Interstellar Extinction, Time Dependence, X Ray Density Measurement, X Ray Sources, Astronomical Models, Radiant Flux Density, Scattering, Time Lag

Scientific paper

We model the time evolution of the flux from the central part of a transient dust scattered X-ray halo at E = 1 keV following a X-ray burst possibly in general accompanying a gamma-ray burst as suggested in the literature. We consider the hypothetical case of a nearby galactic and a cosmological burster, both located in the direction toward the north ecliptic pole field, where detailed measurements of the X-ray background are recently reported in the literature. The latter permits us to constrain the necessary X-ray influence of a gamma-ray burst at the considered energy window in order to produce a detectable halo. We then investigate to which extent the time evolution of the transient halo would in practice permit to decide between a galactic and a cosmological origin of the burst under consideration. Based on various model calculations we demonstrate that the in detail not known size and spatial distribution of the scattering interstellar grains would act as a strong competitor against the potential sensitivity of the time evolution of the halo to the distance of the burster.

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