Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Jan 1989
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989gecoa..53..151m&link_type=abstract
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 53, Issue 1, pp.151-162
Mathematics
Logic
114
Scientific paper
Biological carbonates frequently precipitate out of 18 O and 13 C equilibrium with ambient waters. Two patterns of isotopic disequilibrium are particularly common. "Kinetic" disequilibria, so designated because they apparently result from kinetic isotope effects during CO 2 hydration and hydroxylation, involve simultaneous depletions of 18 O and 13 C as large as 4%. and 10 to 15%., respectively. Rapid skeletogenesis favors strong kinetic effects, and approximately linear correlations between skeletal 18 O and 13 C are common in carbonates showing mainly the kinetic pattern. "Metabolic" effects involve additional positive or negative modulation of skeletal 13 C, reflecting changes in the 13 C of dissolved inorganic carbon, caused mainly by photosynthesis and respiration. Kinetic isotope disequilibria tend to be fairly consistent in rapidly growing parts of photosynthetic corals, and time dependent isotopic variations therefore reflect changes in environmental conditions. 18 O variations from Galápagos corals yield meaningful clues regarding seawater temperature, while 13 C variations reflect changes in photosynthesis, modulated by cloudiness.
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