Non-volcanic seismic swarms triggered by circulating fluids and pressure fluctuations above a solidified diorite intrusion

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Seismology: Seismicity And Tectonics (1207, 1217, 1240, 1242), Seismology: Tomography (6982, 8180), Structural Geology: Role Of Fluids, Tectonophysics: Dynamics And Mechanics Of Faulting (8004), Tectonophysics: Hydrothermal Systems (0450, 1034, 3017, 3616, 4832, 8424)

Scientific paper

A non-volcanic seismic swarm is often assumed to be tied to fluid movements, based on earthquake migrations obeying a diffusion equation. However, seismological observations that relate to the presence and driving force of migrating fluids are not well documented. Here we present high-resolution tomographic imaging of seismic velocities in the Wakayama district, Japan, characterized by intense seismic swarms and high heat flow. Earthquake clusters at depths of 4-6 km are distributed within a zone with low-Vp and anomalously low-Vp/Vs. The existence of this low-Vp/Vs anomaly is supported by another estimate using waveform cross-correlation data from similar event clusters. We suggest that these anomalies are caused by fluid-filled pores with relatively high aspect ratios. Just beneath the clusters of earthquakes, a prominent high-velocity zone is clearly imaged. It lacks earthquakes, and could represent a body of intruded diorite related to past volcanism. We propose that non-volcanic seismic swarms are triggered by circulating fluids and fluid pressure fluctuations driven by the thermal anomaly of the solidified diorite magma.

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