Protoplanetary Disk Evolution in a Layered Accretion Scenario

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Scientific paper

We study the evolution of protoplanetary disks using one-dimensional time-dependent disk models with schematic treatments of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) and gravitational torques (GI). Under the layered accretion scenario and a self-consistent infall (mass addition from the collapse of an isothermal rotating Bonnor-Ebert cloud core), we followed disk evolution from the protostellar to the T Tauri phase. We find that this evolution can be divided schematically into three stages. At an early stage when the cloud mass falls onto the disk within several AU, the disk accretion rate equals the infall rate, since the magnetorotational instability can transfer the infalling mass to the central star directly. At a later stage when the mass falls to the disk beyond 10 AU, the disk undergoes outbursts of accretion in FU Ori-like events. Finally, after the infall stage, the disk enters the T Tauri phase when the disk develops a two-part structure, with an outer, viscously evolving disk, in reasonable agreement with recent submm studies, and an inner, high density ``dead zone'', which could have important effects on planet formation and migration. Our parameter study suggests that full activation of the MRI may be connected with the sublimation of dust that otherwise would capture ions and electrons.

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