Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Jul 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002an....323..562m&link_type=abstract
Astronomische Nachrichten, vol. 323, no. 6, p. 562-566
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
History, Russian Astrophotometry
Scientific paper
This paper is dedicated to two ``godfathers'' of astrophotometry in Russia - Vitold Karlovich Ceraski (1849-1925) and Vladimir Borisovich Nikonov (1905-1987). We discuss their scientific legacy and its impact on the formation of the school of stellar photometry in Russia and the USSR. A graduate of Moscow University in 1871, V. Ceraski started his scientific career at the University Astronomical Observatory. Already at the dawn of the 20th century, he was universally regarded as an indisputable authority in Russian astrophotometry. Ceraski introduced essential improvements to K.-F. Zöllner's visual polarimetric photometer. In 1903-1905 he measured with the photometer the stellar magnitude of the Sun with an accuracy close to its modern value (within a 5\ Venus with that of the speck of sunlight reflected from a convex glass surface (during daytime) and by comparing the brightness of Venus with that of the brightest stars (during the night). V. Nikonov, a graduate of Leningrad University, embarked in 1925 on scientific investigations in the Leningrad Astronomical Institute. In 1937, he constructed the first photoelectric photometer in the USSR. Experiments indicated that its attainable precision for 4fm 5 stars amounted to 0fm 003. It was obvious that therefore one should exercise extreme care in the reduction of stellar magnitudes beyond the earth's upper atmosphere. In 1944 he elaborated a method to account for atmospheric extinction which is now universally known as Nikonov's method. Its underlying idea lies in the observations of all non-variable stars available in the program for different air masses.
Mironov Aleksej
Pustylnik Izold
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