Tuning in to the universe

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Radio Astronomy, Radio Telescopes, Computer Programs, Data Processing, Directional Antennas, Parabolic Reflectors, Radio Antennas, Radio Interferometers, Structural Design, Systems Engineering, Very Long Base Interferometry

Scientific paper

The design and operating principles of the various types of radio telescopes in use by astronomers are reviewed. The development of radio astronomy in the early part of the century is briefly surveyed, and the fundamental components of a radio telescope are presented, with attention given to the antennas and dish designs employed to increase directionality and power. Problems associated with increasing the size of steerable telescopes are indicated, and solutions provided by interferometric telescope arrays having fine detail resolutions equivalent to those of dishes up to 134 km in diameter and by very long baseline interferometry are introduced. The technique of earth rotation synthesis or supersynthesis, in which the rotation of the earth is used to drive telescopes on an east-west line as they track a single source, is explained, and the unusual designs of the RATAN-600 and Cambridge Nine Acre nondish arrays are indicated. The computerized processing of radio telescope data is discussed, and information obtainable from radio observations is considered.

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