Black holes and unpredictability

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Black Holes (Astronomy), Relativity, Entropy, Gravitation Theory, Perturbation Theory, Quantum Theory

Scientific paper

The unpredictability associated with a spacetime singularity and with the completely random thermal radiation from a black hole is discussed. The unpredictability of the radiation is taken to imply that a black hole has an intrinsic entropy, which is identified with the amount of information that is irretrievably lost in black hole formation. A precise mathematical statement of the unpredictability associated with black holes is given according to which the final state after a black hole has radiated is described by a density matrix rather than a pure quantum state. It is shown that all the information that was lost through the event horizon in earlier stages cannot reappear in the final moments of a radiating black hole's lifetime because there simply is not enough energy available to cancel out all the entropy.

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