The reaction of montmorillonite to mixed-layer clay: the effect of interlayer alkali and alkaline earth cations

Details The reaction of montmorillonite to mixed-layer clay: the effect of interlayer alkali and alkaline earth cations The reaction of montmorillonite to mixed-layer clay: the effect of interlayer alkali and alkaline earth cations

Jan 1978

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1978gecoa..42....1e&link_type=abstract

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 42, Issue 1, pp.1-7

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Scientific paper

The Wyoming bentonite was saturated with alkali and alkaline earth cations and allowed to react hydrothermally for one month at 300°C, and one week and one month at 400°C. Generally, the rate of formation of collapsed layers for the alkali clays was inversely related to interlayer hydration energy. This pattern of reaction is expected if layer dehydration results from an attraction between negatively charged 2:1 layers and the positive interlayer cation. In this mechanism, the greater the hydration energy of the interlayer region, the greater the charge that must develop on the 2:1 layers to cause dehydration, and, therefore, the slower the reaction rate. Reaction rate for the alkaline earth clays was directly related to interlayer hydration energy. Clays saturated with cations of hydration energy equal to or greater than Na + did not react at 300°C, and ceased to react at 50% expandable layers at 400°C. Those saturated with cations of lower hydration energy continued to form mica-like layers with increasing run time at both 300° and 400°C. Clays saturated with monovalent cations reacted by a process of gradual transformation of smectite layers into collapsed layers, whereas those with divalent cations reacted directly from the smectite structure to form a rectorite-like phase.

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