Evolution of Compact Extreme Starburst Galaxies

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Scientific paper

The global SFR was tenfold greater at z=1 than at z=0, and "downsizing" scenarios of galaxy formation maintain that the strong evolution in SFR progresses from high- to low-mass systems with time. Meanwhile, large reservoirs of star formation previously hidden from the optical by obscuring dust are being uncovered in the IR and submm in diverse populations of galaxies over a wide range of redshift. We propose deep IRAC imaging and MIPS photometry of a unique sample of well-studied 26 extreme starburst galaxies, half of them nearby HII galaxies and the other half luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs) at redshift z~0.5. These intensely starforming but mostly low-mass systems, like their massive cousins the ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), apparently evolve significantly: they can account for as much as 40% of the increase in global SFR observed between z=0 and z=1. They may also include local analogs of Lyman break galaxies at z~3, and are probably the same class of UV-bright starbursts recently observed in the local universe with GALEX. Coverage of our sample has two significant advantages over other multiwavelength surveys: spatially resolved HST/STIS-UV and optical imaging and spectroscopy, and high spectral and spatial resolution 2D spectroscopy with Keck/HIRES. Thus we can measure important physical parameters that are unavailable with the FLS, EGSS, GOODS, and other surveys. Our main science goal is (1) to use the mid- and far-IR emission to measure optically obscured star formation from z~1 to z=0 as a function of dynamical mass and rest-UV size and morphology; this will directly address inconsistencies in our current downsizing picture of galaxy evolution and the role of compact extreme starbursts. We also plan (2) to compare the SEDs of our samples to those of LBGs, to test the hypothesis that LCBGs include local analogs of LBGs; and (3) to measure the starbursts' stellar masses in the rest-NIR, which is necessary for analysis of SFH, b parameter, and their cosmic evolution.

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