Theoretical Studies to Support Spitzer Cluster Surveys

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Scientific paper

For young clusters in the regime of parameter space found in the Spitzer sample, this project will conduct a theoretical study of their dynamical evolution, starting from their earliest embedded stage (when the first star forms) out to ages of 10 Myr. The latest Spitzer observations will be used to set the initial profiles of the cluster systems to be explored. We will then use N-body simulations for cluster systems (generally with N = 100 - 1000 members) to study how their evolution depends on cluster size, initial stellar and gas profiles, initial mass segregation, and the gas dispersal history. The project will be statistical in nature, utilizing multiple equivalent realizations to build up robust distributions of the output measures, including distributions for the closest approaches of cluster members, distributions of radial locations (which largely determine the radiation exposure), the bound cluster fraction, the virial ratio, the isotropy parameter, and the half-mass radius. We anticipate that about 100 realizations for each set of initial conditions must be performed in order to obtain robust statistics. We will also produce distributions of the radiation fluxes produced by the cluster sample, with a focus on FUV, EUV, and X-ray radiation. The resulting output distributions will provide a lasting framework from which to assess the effects of clusters on the star formation process. The distributions of closest approaches will be used in conjunction with scattering cross sections to determine the importance of dynamical interactions on forming solar systems. The distributions of radiation fields will be used in conjunction with theoretical models to determine the importance of disk photoevaporation. Most stars, and most planets, form in clusters, and this work will elucidate the role played by the cluster environment in shaping the properties of the constituent solar systems.

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