Gas processes during the formation of galaxies

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Dwarf Galaxies, Galactic Evolution, Cooling Flows (Astrophysics), Dark Matter, High Temperature Gases, Galactic Evolution, Astronomical Models, Mass To Light Ratios, Lyman Alpha Radiation

Scientific paper

We investigate a model for galaxy formation, paying particular attention to gas processes. Our model differs from others in three main areas: normal stars in dwarf galaxies form in bursts; hot gas formed by collapse takes part in cooling flows; viscous redistribution of angular momentum in hot gas leads to disk formation in normal spiral galaxies. Supernovae in dwarf protogalaxies limit total star formation, causing their mass-to-light ratios to decrease with mass. This can improve the agreement between predicted and observed luminosity functions. Outflowing gas from the protodwarfs can account for damped Ly-alpha absorption systems in quasar spectra. The first collapses to produce significant quantities of hot gas form normal protogalaxies. The hot gas forms a cooling flow which deposits low-mass objects in the halo of the protogalaxy, accounting for MACHOs in our Galaxy. Dissipation in the cooling flow increases the binding energy, helping to prevent disruption of most normal galaxies in later hierarchical collapse. The small amount of angular momentum in the hot gas is redistributed during the cooling flow, accumulating in the last of the gas to cool, which forms a disk. Disk formation is delayed until most of the hot gas cools, occurring well after the formation of the spheroid. Normal elliptical galaxies are formed when the hot gas is unable to cool completely, usually as the result of accretion of dwarf galaxies and gas on to a normal protogalaxy.

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