Neutral sodium from comet Hale-Bopp: a third type of tail

Details Neutral sodium from comet Hale-Bopp: a third type of tail Neutral sodium from comet Hale-Bopp: a third type of tail

1997-10-02

arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9710022v1

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

10 pages, 3 figures, it will pubblished on A.P.J. Letter

Scientific paper

10.1086/311040

We report on the discovery and analysis of a striking neutral sodium gas tail associated with comet C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp. Sodium D-line emission has been observed at heliocentric distance r<1.4 AU in some long-period comets and the presence of neutral sodium in the tailward direction of a few bright comets has been noted, but the extent, and in particular the source, has never been clear. Here we describe the first observations and analysis of a neutral sodium gas tail in comet Hale-Bopp, entirely different from the previously known ion and dust tails. We show that the observed characteristics of this third type of tail are consistent with itbeing produced by radiation pressure due to resonance fluorescence of sodium atoms and that the lifetime for photoionization is consistent with recent theoretical calculation.

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