Great geomagnetic storm of 9 November 1991: Association with a disappearing solar filament

Details Great geomagnetic storm of 9 November 1991: Association with a disappearing solar filament Great geomagnetic storm of 9 November 1991: Association with a disappearing solar filament

Feb 2009

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009jgra..11400a20c&link_type=abstract

Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 114, Issue 46, CiteID A00A20

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

2

Space Weather: Magnetic Storms (2788), Solar Physics, Astrophysics, And Astronomy: Coronal Mass Ejections (2101), Interplanetary Physics: Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Interplanetary Physics: Solar Wind Plasma

Scientific paper

We attribute the great geomagnetic storm on 8-10 November 1991 to a large-scale eruption that encompassed the disappearance of a ~25° solar filament in the southern solar hemisphere. The resultant soft X-ray arcade spanned ~90° of solar longitude. The rapid growth of an active region lying at one end of the X-ray arcade appears to have triggered the eruption. This is the largest geomagnetic storm yet associated with the eruption of a quiescent filament. The minimum hourly Dst value of -354 nT on 9 November 1991 compares with a minimum Dst value of -161 nT for the largest 27-day recurrent (coronal hole) storm observed from 1972 to 2005 and the minimum -559 nT value observed during the flare-associated storm of 14 March 1989, the greatest magnetic storm recorded during the space age. Overall, the November 1991 storm ranks 15th on a list of Dst storms from 1905 to 2004, surpassing in intensity such well-known storms as 14 July 1982 (-310 nT) and 15 July 2000 (-317 nT). We used the Cliver et al. and Gopalswamy et al. empirical models of coronal mass ejection propagation in the solar wind to provide consistency checks on the eruption/storm association.

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