Gamma-ray spectroscopy: An historical perspective

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The possibility of MeV-range gamma-rays from extraterrestrial sources had been speculated on by cosmic-ray physicists since the late 1940's. The first definitive detection occurred with balloon-borne cosmic-ray instrumentation during a class 2 solar flare in March 1958, apparently associated with the acceleration of a nonthermal particle population. Following this detection, physicists were motivated to develop instrumentation specific for observation of astronomical gamma-ray sources. Gamma-ray lines were also first observed during the flares of August 1972, apparently associated with accelerated particles undergoing nuclear interactions in the solar atmosphere. The development of low background, high resolution Ge counters has permitted construction of gamma-ray telescopes with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. Even modest versions of these devices have measured discrete gamma-ray lines from sources as diverse as cosmic gamma-ray bursts, the galactic center and the galactic plane. Many other predictions are within the range of modern detectors.

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