The formation of Mercury's smooth plains

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Mercury Surface, Plains, Planetary Evolution, Planetary Structure, Volcanology, Satellite Observation, Stratigraphy, Topography, Mercury (Planet), Formation, Plains, Surface, Features, Volcanism, Ejecta, Deposits, Impacts, Origin, Borealis Planitia, Stratigraphy, Petrarch, Craters, Tolstoj, Caloris Planitia, Photographs, Terrain, Morphology, Photometry, Photogeology, Comparisons, Hypotheses

Scientific paper

There has been extensive debate about whether Mercury's smooth plains are volcanic features or impact ejecta deposits. The authors present new indirect evidence which supports a volcanic origin for two different smooth plains units. In Borealis Planitia, stratigraphic relations indicate at least two distinct stages of smooth plains formation. At least one of these stages must have had a volcanic origin. In the Hilly and Lineated Terrain, Petrarch and several other anomalously shallow craters apparently have been volcanically filled. Areally extensive smooth plains volcanism evidently occurred at these two widely separated areas on Mercury. These results, combined with work by other researchers on the circum-Caloris plains and the Tolstoj basin, show that smooth plains volcanism was a global process on Mercury.

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