Comets and asteroids with the Herschel Space Observatory

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Asteroids, Comets, Herschel Space Observatory

Scientific paper

This review discusses the prospects for the observations of small bodies in the Solar System with the Herschel Space Observatory. Herschel, and especially its heterodyne instrument HIFI, is well suited to study cometary water, the evolution of its production, its kinematics, its excitation in relation with collisions and cooling processes. The D/H ratio of cometary water could be investigated in several objects (and especially Jupiter-family comets) to constrain the history of the Solar Nebula. The good sensitivity of HIFI could allow us to search for very low levels of water outgassing in distant comets and in comet-asteroid transition objects. HIFI, SPIRE and PACS, by observing several lines of water, could investigate the rotational energy distribution of this molecule. Several other cometary molecules such as light hydrides and their ions could also be studied in the Herschel spectral domain. Sensitive continuum observations with the PACS and SPIRE instruments, combined with visible photometry, could lead to the determination of the size and albedo for a variety of trans-Neptunian objects, Centaurs and asteroids.

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