High-resolution X-ray spectroscopic evidence of nonequilibrium conditions in the Cygnus Loop

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Nebulae, Nonequilibrium Conditions, Supernova Remnants, X Ray Sources, X Ray Spectra, Focal Plane Devices, Line Spectra, Neon, Nonequilibrium Plasmas, Oxygen, Plasma Diagnostics, Plasma Temperature

Scientific paper

High-resolution spectroscopic X-ray observations of a portion of the Cygnus Loop made with the Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer aboard the Einstein Observatory are reported. Emission lines for O VII, O VIII, and Ne IX are measured, and upper limits are set to other transitions in O VII and O VIII. The detected emission line fluxes are consistent with emission from an equilibrium plasma with an electron temperature of about 3 x 10 to the 6th K, a value similar to that obtained by numerous previous observers. The absence of any O VII forbidden line emission strongly suggests that the emitting plasma is not in collisional ionization equilibrium. This is shown to be the case using several line diagnostics formed from the observed emission lines and a simple model describing the X-ray emission from an ionizing nonequilibrium plasma.

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