Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Mar 1995
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1995a%26a...295..206j&link_type=abstract
Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 295, no. 1, p. 206-235
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
75
Magnitude, Meteoroid Showers, Periodic Variations, Position (Location), Mass Distribution, Rates (Per Time), Spatial Distribution, Tables (Data), Zenith
Scientific paper
In the past two centuries, alert amateur and professional meteor astronomers have documented 35 outbursts of 17 individual meteor streams well enough to allow the construction of a homogeneous set of activity curves. These curves add to similar profiles of the annual streams in a previous paper (Paper 1). This paper attempts to define the type and range of phenomena that classify as meteor outbursts from which the following is concluded: Outbursts are associated with the return of the comet to perihelion (near-comet type outbursts), but occur also when the parent comet is far from perihelion and far from the Earth (far-comet type). All outbursts of a given type only, depending on encounter geometry. The activity curves, expressed in terms of Zenith Hourly Rates (ZHR), have a shape that is generally well described by: ZHR = ZHRmax 10-B (the absolute value of lambda dot in a circle - lambda max dot in a circle)). The steepness of the slopes varies from an exponent of B = 7 to B = 220 per degree of solar longitude, with a typical value of B = 30. In addition, most near-comet type outbursts have a broader component underlying the main peak with B approximately 1 - 7.The duration Delta t is approximately 1/B of the main peak is almost independent of location near the comet, while the background component varies considerably in duration and relative intensity from one return to another. The two components in the activity curve are due to two distinct structures in the dust distribution near the parent comet, where the main component can be due to a sheet of dust that emanates from the IRAS dust trail. This brings the total number of distinct structures in meteor streams to four, including the two structures from the annual stream activity in Paper 1.
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