Io's delayed electrodynamic interaction: Scenarios for a post-ecliptic brightening of Io's atmosphere

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

We present a model that describes Io's delayed electrodynamic response to a temporal change in Io's atmosphere. Our model incorporates the relevant physical processes involved in Io's atmosphere-ionosphere magnetosphere electrodynamic interaction to predict the FUV radiation as Io enters Jupiter's shadow and re-emerges into sunlight. The predicted FUV brightnesses are highly nonlinear as the strength of the electrodynamic interaction depends on the ratios of ionospheric conductances to the torus Alfven conductance, but the former are functions of electrodynamics and the atmospheric density, which decays rapidly upon entering eclipse. Key factors governing the time evolution are the column density due to sublimation and the column density due to volcanoes, which maintain the background atmosphere during eclipse. We find three qualitatively different scenarios with two of them including a post-ecliptic brightening. The brightness ratio of in-sunlight/in-eclipse coupled with the existence of a sub-Jovian equatorial spot constrains tightly the volcanic column density to several times 1018 m-2. Thus in sunlight, the sublimation driven part of Io's atmosphere dominates the volcanically driven contribution by more than a factor of ten.

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