History of sea water. Constant temperature-pressure equilibrium models compared to liquid inclusion analyses

Computer Science

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An inorganic ocean is derived from the solution equilibrium of clay minerals, calcite, OH-apatite, CO 2 -F-apatite, phillipsite, gypsum, strontianite, celestite and aragonite. The minerals are considered in equilibrium in different combinations with and without chloride. A "most probable" model for the major ions has concentrations very close to modern sea water; an "upper limit", model has concentrations slightly higher than modern sea water except that Mg and SO 4 are 5 to 6 times higher than modern ocean concentrations. A "lower limit" model is quite similar to "fresh" water. The presence or absence of Cl seems to be the most important factor in determining "fresh" or saline water concentrations. It is suggested that very ancient ocean waters may have been quite similar in composition and concentration to modern "fresh" water environments. Liquid inclusion analyses from salt and chert from the Silurian Salina and Niagaran Groups of Michigan, Ontario, Ohio and Wisconsin compare very favorably with modern ocean compositions except that Ca and Mg compositions appear to be reversed.

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