Mineralogy of the mafic anomaly at South Pole-Aitken and implications for mantle excavation

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Lunar Mantle, Galileo Spacecraft, Lunar Crust, Lunar Rocks, Minerals, Structural Basins, Lunar Surface, Clementine Spacecraft, Lunar Soil

Scientific paper

The detection of a low-albedo mafic anomaly associated with the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) Basin by Galileo instruments brought new hope to the quest for identifying (and perhaps later collecting) lunar samples of mantle origin. The existence of this ancient huge basin had been recognized since the late 1970s, but the Clementine laser altimeter characterized the full dimensions of SPA and showed it to be 2500 km in diameter and more than 8 km deep. As the largest confirmed basin on the moon (and perhaps the largest in the solar system) SPA certainly holds promise for excavation through the crust and into the mantle. The mineralogy of the crust and upper lunar mantle has been estimated by several authors, and for comparison we have used the five-color multispectral UVVIS camera on board the Clementine mission to perform a first-order evaluation of the mineralogy of SPA.

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