Global wave patterns in the sun's magnetic field

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Magnetic Field Configurations, Magnetohydrodynamic Waves, Power Spectra, Solar Magnetic Field, Spectrum Analysis, Emission Spectra, Fourier Transformation, Least Squares Method, Line Spectra, Wave Equations

Scientific paper

When the observed pattern of solar magnetic fields is decomposed in its spherical-harmonic components and a time series analysis is performed, a resonant global wave pattern is revealed. The power spectrum indicates modes with discrete frequencies, obeying a strict parity selection rule in the case of the zonal, rotationally-symmetric modes. A more traditional way of looking at the evolution of the zonal magnetic pattern is in the form of isocontours in latitude-time space (as in the "butterfly diagram" of sunspots). It is shown how this pattern can to a good approximation be represented as a superposition of 14 discrete modes, each with a purely sinusoidal time variation. This approach allows to analyse the roles of the individual discrete modes in generating the well-known features in the traditional "butterfly diagrams", e.g., the drift of the sunspot zones towards the equator and the prominence zones towards the poles during the course of the 11 yr cycle. It is shown that these features are accounted for entirely different by the odd parity modes with the single, sinusoidal period of 22 yr.

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