Latest Developments of Surface Sampling Techniques in ESA Programmes

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During the last 16 years, the European Space Agency has initiated the development of a number of sampling techniques for planetary surfaces, in the frame of its basic Technology and Research Programme (TRP). Sampling is generally performed by means of drilling, coring, scooping or penetration. A complete sampling device performs in-situ sample acquisition and transfers the sample for analyses. The size of the developed devices can vary to a large extent, acquiring samples as large as 10 cm diameter and 1 m long, and more generally of a few mm, for recent space missions. Sampling or soil probing capabilities is included to various extents in the current or near-future ESA missions carrying a planetary lander: CASSINI-HUYGENS; ROSETTA and MARS EXPRESS. Some of the sampling devices from the TRP could find there a direct application; in other cases, a derived concept could fulfill updated requirements. Some sampling-related studies for future Mars exploration missions, performed within the AURORA programme, are outlined: the latest one is an ultrasonic corer drill.

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