Detector of low energy neutral atoms onboard Mars Express mission

Computer Science

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) developed for the ESA Mars Express mission is a compact low weight (650g) high efficiency sensor to image low energy neutral atoms (ENA) resulted from the solar wind interaction with the Martian exosphere. NPD provides measurements of the ENA differential flux over the energy range 100 eV - 10 keV resolving H and O with a coarse 5^o yen 30o angular resolution and total efficiency 1 - 50%. The sensor consists of two identical detectors each with a 9^o yen 90^o intrinsic field of view placed on a scanning platform which performs 180^o scans to cover a hemisphere. The measurement principle is based on surface interaction technique. ENAs incident on a start surface at a grazing angle of 15^o are reflected and cause secondary electron emission. The secondary electrons are transported to an MCP assembly, which gives the START signal. The reflected ENAs hit the stop surface and again produce the secondary electrons used to generate the STOP signal. The time-of-flight measurements give ENA velocity and are used to identify mass (H or O). Coincidence technique as well as properties of the START and STOP surface coating provide UV suppression to the level sufficient to achieve the required signal-to-noise ratio. The results of the flight model calibrations will be presented and analyzed.

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