Target selection and image planning for the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express - and a target data base for Mars exploration

Mathematics – Logic

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Scientific paper

In order to facilitate effective operations planning and to maximize the science return of the HRSC/SRC experiment, as well as to support the operations of the Omega experiment, we prepared a global list of targets to be imaged during the ESA Mars Express mission. The target list is organized in a data base, and is accessible by an internet interface. Each target is specified in terms of geographic location, imaging mode (i.e., the required selection of imaging parameters like resolution, color filter, etc.), and the types of geologic processes which are of interest (e.g., aeolian, volcanic, fluvial). We also list the geologic unit(s) covered by each target as mapped in global geologic maps of Mars, as well as already existing imagery (Viking Orbiter, Mars Global Surveyor). In separate documents, the scientific rationale for imaging each target is comprehensively specified. Important findings of the MGS mission related to the targets are also described separately. In order to estimate future data rates, we determine the areal size of each target and calculate the number of standard images and the data volume required to obtain an image mosaic of the entire target. In addition to the table, each target is graphically marked on a global, Viking-based base map (i.e., the MDIM-2 imaging model of the U.S. Geol. Survey), allowing for quick visual inspection. These data base will be used during the planning stage of the mission: An interactive software tool has been developed which will use orbit and orientation parameters to plot the groundtrack of the spacecraft and the field of view of the camera onto a base map. The data base can be searched for targets meeting specified criteria, and the footprints of selected targets can be plotted on the base map. An operator checks whether the track crosses a target. It is straightforward, then, to determine the start and end times of imaging in order to cover the target. These times will be stored together with additional parameters (e.g., imaging mode, illumination conditions) for each orbit. The stored data will then be converted to commanding sequences. The target list is organized according to the U.S.G.S. global mapping scheme, which subdivides the surface of Mars into 30 quadrangles. At the time of writing (January 2003), ˜1,500 targets have been identified. We will present the target list and will discuss possible applications extending beyond Mars Express e.g., Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, future landing missions).

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