Stationary flows in mass-loaded plasmas: Application to Mars

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The existence of a pile-up boundary at Mars (which can be considered as the boundary of the induced magnetosphere) at distances which are much larger than the characteristic ionospheric length scales implies that there are other processes which terminate the solar wind flow and the pile-up of the magnetic flux. The neutral gas exosphere around Mars ionized by photoionization and charge- exchange acts as an obstacle. We consider stationary solutions of the solar wind interaction with an ion source which simulates this planetary exosphere. In certain regions of velocity space of a bi-ion plasma, critical loci, which are the generalization of classical sonic points, are encountered thereby preventing the construction of smooth 1-D solutions. At supersonic speeds this leads to shock formation while in a subsonic regime the solar wind flow becomes choked. It is assumed that when the solar wind interacts with a planetary plasma a cavity void accompanied by magnetic field pile-up is created as a result of such critical loci.

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