What do we really know about the source of low-frequency narrowband emissions at Jupiter?

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Scientific paper

Since they were discovered by Voyager, little progress has been made on understanding the source of low-frequency narrowband radio emissions at Jupiter. These are spectral features in the frequency range between about 1 and 20 kHz with bandwidths of the order of 100 Hz. The emissions are thought to be distinct from narrowband kilometric radiation by their lower frequency extent. Now that Galileo is on its last orbit of Jupiter before crashing into its atmosphere in September 2003 and that the Cassini flyby has been completed, it is unlikely additional observations will become available anytime soon. In this paper we survey the observations of these emissions including those of Voyager, but highlighting the more recent observations by Galileo and Cassini. The initial source proposed by Gurnett et al. [Nature, 302, 385-388, 1983] was analogous to that of escaping continuum radiation at Earth, that is, mode conversion from upper hybrid resonance emissions at density gradients on the outer edge of the Io torus or plasma sheet. However, Galileo also detected similar emissions generated at the magnetopause of Ganymede and some observations suggest that these can be observed at a considerable distance from Ganymede, under certain geometric conditions. And, Ulysses observations include 'bullseye' features which may be related by a common generation mechanism. Our tentative conclusion is that the Gurnett et al. model is a likely explanation for many of these emissions but that the possibility exists for secondary sources such as Ganymede.

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