The response of the Hermean ion environment to the solar wind parameters

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The morphology of the Hermean magnetosphere depends strongly on the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field, IMF. In particular, global self-consistent simulations have demonstrated that a strong IMF Bx component causes a situation in which another hemisphere of the planet is magnetically connected with the solar wind. The goal of the study is to analyse how the upstream parameters affect the properties of the solar wind protons (H+) and the planetary sodium ions (Na+) near Mercury by comparing simulations made for different IMF and solar dynamic pressure conditions. The analysis is based on a self-consistent three-dimensional kinetic (ions are particles, electrons form a fluid) model for Mercury (Kallio and Janhunen, Annales Geophysicae, submitted, 2002). A special emphasis is placed to study how the upstream conditions affect the ion precipitation to the surface of the planet and, consequently, to the possible role of the solar wind to the temporal variations of the planetary exospheric neutrals observed by Earth-based instruments.

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