An approximate Newton-Raphson method for multilevel line formation using the Sobolev theory

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Astrophysics, Line Spectra, Newton-Raphson Method, Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, Radiative Transfer, Continuous Radiation, Perturbation Theory, Sobolev Space, Stellar Atmospheres

Scientific paper

A partial linearization technique for solving the coupled non-LTE rate equations and the radiative transfer equations in the Sobolev theory is outlined. The linearization is with respect to the local contributions to the radiation field, and the nonlocal field is treated as a perturbation in an overall Lambda-iteration. The method is useful for high flow velocity atmospheres whenever continuum opacity is negligible but radiative coupling between line transitions occurs through the Doppler shift. In addition to the general method, specialization to the case v proportional to r is discussed in detail. Applications are made to pure scattering problems and to the general atmosphere problem including collisional processes. It is shown that the method leads to rapid convergence in simple cases. Stability and convergence properties are discussed.

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