High-energy processes in Young Stellar Objects -- the radio--X-ray (dis)connection

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Stars And Star Formation

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Low-mass young stellar objects show high levels of magnetic activity in a wide spectral range. Powerful flares have been observed from X-ray to radio wavelengths. It has been expected that radio and X-ray emission from YSOs are correlated if magnetic fields close to the star are responsible for both nonthermal radio emission (usually gyrosynchrotron radiation) and thermal hot-plasma X-ray emission (see Guedel & Benz 1994). These high-energy processes strongly influence the surroundings of the YSOs, including irradiation of their disks. A deeper understanding of these processes requires taking into account their manifestations in different spectral ranges. However, the strong variability of YSOs ideally necessitates simultaneous multi-wavelength observations or at least a large sample of sources. While a general correlation of radio and X-ray luminosities of phenomena ranging from solar flares to active stars has been found for more evolved stars, it remains unclear to what degree it applies to YSOs -- particularly their earliest evolutionary stages. Drawing from the latest simultaneous X-ray and radio observations of star-forming regions as well as on archival data from the Chandra Orion Ultra-deep project, we present an update on the question of whether and how the radio and X-ray properties of YSOs are correlated and what this tells us about high-energy processes in YSOs compared to other classes of active stars. We mostly find a very limited relation between the X-ray and radio fluxes indicating a non-magnetic origin for some of the radio or X-ray emission.

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