Universal Properties of Escape

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Galaxies, Hamiltonian Functions, Harmonic Oscillators, Escape (Abandonment), Gravitational Binding Energy, Escape Velocity, Orbit Perturbation, Stellar Gravitation

Scientific paper

This paper is a continuation of previous work on the properties of escapes of orbits from Hamiltonian systems described by two-dimensional time-independent potentials. The first system to be studied was characterized by a Hamiltonian function chosen because it may perhaps represent the central part of a deformed galaxy. It describes two harmonic oscillators, coupled via a quartic term (epsilon)x2y2, where epsilon is a parameter that determines the strength of the coupling. For a fixed value of epsilon, escape from the system is possible only when the total energy is higher than a certain critical escape value. Alternatively, for a fixed value of the total energy, escape is possible only when epsilon exceeds a critical value. In this work, the energy of the system was held fixed, but the coupling parameter epsilon was allowed to vary. The form of the potential is symmetric with respect to the origin and, for epsilon greater than the critical value, the equipotential surfaces allow for four channels of escape. The time of escape can be important for a number of different problems in both astronomy and other fields. This, too, will be studied.

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