VIRA-2: a review of inputs for updating the Venus International Reference Atmosphere

Details VIRA-2: a review of inputs for updating the Venus International Reference Atmosphere VIRA-2: a review of inputs for updating the Venus International Reference Atmosphere

May 1997

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1997adspr..19.1191m&link_type=abstract

Advances in Space Research, Volume 19, Issue 8, p. 1191-1201.

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VIRA (The Venus International Reference Atmosphere, ed. by A.J.Kliore, V.I.Moroz, and J.M.Keating) was compiled in 1982-83 and published in 1985 (Advances in Space Research, V5, N11). A lot of new data and important findings have appeared over the last decade owing to the experiments on the latest Soviet and US spacecraft and to Earth-based observations. Reanalysis of the previous missions data has also brought some new results. The most essential inputs to the updated VIRA are: 1) new data on the chemical composition (ground based and Galileo observations of the near IR spectra of the Venus nightside emission; VEGA 1, 2 UV in situ spectrometry; Venera 15 infrared spectrometry; reanalysis of Venera 11,13,14 spectrometry; Pioneer Venus entry probes and OIR data), 2) vertical T,P profiles obtained from the VEGA 2 entry probes, IR thermal sounding (Venera 15, Galileo.), and from radio-occultation (Venera 15,16, Pioneer Venus and Magellan Orbiters), horizontal T-profiles from the VEGA 1,2 balloons, 3) winds and turbulence measurements on the balloons, thermal winds retrieved from T-profiles (Venera 15, Galileo); 4) new data on the variability of the cloud structure (Venera 15 IR-spectrometry, VEGA 1,2 entry probes and NIMS observations during the Galileo Venus fly-by).

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